КОЛЛАГЕН В АТЕРОСКЛЕРОТИЧЕСКИХ БЛЯШКАХ

Purpose: This review article is devoted to the current state of the problem of atherosclerotic plaque collagens. The collagen content is considered an indicator of plaque stability. In order to better understand the mechanisms of development and complications of atherosclerosis, further research is needed aimed at the molecular regulation of collagen synthesis and degradation. Methods: The analysis of the literature data for the last 10 years has been carried out. The results of research on methods for determining collagen in plaque, which are widely used in clinical settings, as well as new methods are presented. These are sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) and laser speckle imaging (LSI), which provide extensive information on collagen content and plaque stability. Results: Analysis of the literature data has shown that it seems likely that collagens may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis disease. The main contribution to the mechanical strength of the tissue in the capsule is made by fibrillar collagens. Type III collagen is associated with tissue elasticity. It is expected that the presence of both types of collagens (I-III) in atherosclerotic plaques will affect the mechanical properties of the shell. Conclusion: Collagens can play an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis by stimulating platelet formation in the blood. If a vulnerable plaque is detected before it ruptures, then intervention strategies will not only be to expand the narrowed lumen, but also to prevent plaque rupture and the development of atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, new methods of coherent laser imaging, as well as their potential for intravascular use, are associated with the problem of their implementation for use in patients.