Test Biases that Hamper Learners with Disabilities
Jack T. ColeJack Cole is Professor of Special Education, New Mexico State UniversityBruno J. D'AlonzoBruno D'Alonzo is Professor of Special Education, New Mexico State UniversityAnne GallegosAnne Gallegos is Associate Professor of Special Education, New Mexico State UniversityGérard GiordanoGerard Giordano is Professor of Special Education, New Mexico State UniversitySteve StileSteve Stile is Professor of Special Education, New Mexico State University
ABI
Abstract
Biases are extraneous features that can influence the validity of tests. For example, factors that affect the performance of learners from ethnic minorities constitute a cultural bias. Biases that can influence the test responses of students with disabilities can originate with experiences other than those that are culturally restricted. Such additional biases can be related to test content, instructional format, motivation or cognitive arousal, competition, and physical access to testing materials and response techniques. Opportunities for estimating the impact of test biases are discussed and recommendations for modifying an evaluation with biased tests are elaborated.
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