Diversity of Secondary Metabolites in the Genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae)—Structures, Distribution, and Biological Properties
Nilufar Z. MamadalievaInstitute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances AS RUz, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanRené LafontSorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, IBPS-BIOSIPE, Case Courrier n°29, 7 Quai Saint Bernard F-75252, Paris cedex 05, FranceMichaël WinkHeidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The genus Silene (family Caryophyllaceae) comprises more than 700 species, which are widely distributed in temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, but are also present in Africa and have been introduced in other continents. Silene produces a high diversity of secondary metabolites and many of them show interesting biological and pharmacological activities. More than 450 compounds have been isolated; important classes include phytoecdysteroids (which mimic insect molting hormones), triterpene saponins (with detergent properties), volatiles, other terpenoids and phenolics. This review focusses on the phytochemical diversity, distribution of Silene secondary metabolites and their biological activities.
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