A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
Jeffrey V. LazarusBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain. [email protected]Diana RomeroCity University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USAChristopher J. KopkaIndependent Researcher, Sioux Falls, SD, USASalim S. Abdool KarimCentre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South AfricaLaith J. Abu‐RaddadWeill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAGisele AlmeidaPan American Health Organisation, Washington, DC, USARicardo Baptista‐LeiteFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The NetherlandsJoshua A. BarocasUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USAMaurício L. BarretoOswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilYaneer Bar-YamNew England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, USAQuique BassatBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, SpainCarolina BatistaBaraka Impact Finance, Geneva, SwitzerlandMorgan BazilianPayne Institute, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USAShu‐Ti ChiouNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, TaiwanCarlos del Rı́oEmory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USAGregory J. DoreUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaGeorge F. GaoChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaLawrence O. GostinThe O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USAMargaret HellardBurnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaJ. L. JiménezCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USAGagandeep KangChristian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, IndiaNancy Y. LeeWilton Park, Steyning, UKMojca MatičičClinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, SloveniaMartin McKeeThe London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UKSabin NsanzimanaUniversity Teaching Hospital of Butare, Butare, RwandaMiquel Oliu‐BartonParis Dauphine University - PSL, Paris, FranceBary PradelskiFrench National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble, FranceOksana PyzikUniversity College London (UCL), London, UKKenneth RabinCity University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USASunil Kumar RainaDr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaSabina Faiz RashidJames P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BangladeshMagdalena RatheRocío SáenzUniversity of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaSudhvir SinghFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandMalene Trock-HemplerSonia VillapolDepartment of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USAPeiling YapAgnès BinagwahoUniversity of Global Health Equity, Kigali, RwandaAdeeba KamarulzamanUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAyman El-MohandesCity University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, USAThe COVID-19 Consensus Statement PanelUniversity of Bahia, Salvador, BrazilSalim AbdullaIfakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaSarah AddlemanUniversity of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaGulnara AghayevaBaku Health Centre, Baku, AzerbaijanRaymond AgiusThe University of Manchester, Manchester, UKMohammed AhmedMogadishu University, Mogadishu, SomaliaMohamed RamyGenerations for Health, Madrid, SpainPedro AídeManhiça Health Research Center (CISM), Maputo, MozambiqueSoo AlemanKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenJean-Patrick AlfredMinistry of Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, HaitiShamim AliMoi University, Eldoret, KenyaJ. AliagaHurlingham National University, Hurlingham, ArgentinaTammam AloudatDoctors Without Borders (MSF), Geneva, SwitzerlandSaleh A. AlqahtaniKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJameela AlsalmanSalmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BahrainJohn AmuasiKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaAnurag AgrawalTrivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, IndiaWagida A. AnwarCommunity Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptTânia Cremonini de Araújo-JorgeOswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilOsvaldo ArtazaFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of The Americas, Santiago, ChileLeyla AsadiUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaYaw Asante AwukuUniversity of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta, GhanaMichael G. BakerUniversity of Otago, Wellington, New ZealandLorena BarberiaUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilErnesto BáscoloPan American Health Organisation, Washington, DC, USAPaul BelcherEuropean Public Health Alliance, Brussels, BelgiumLizett BellMinistry of Health and Wellness Belize, Belmopan, BelizeAdele Schwartz BenzakenAids Healthcare Foundation, São Paulo, BrazilEmil J. BergholtzDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenNahid BhadeliaBoston University Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research (CEID), Boston, MA, USAAnant BhanCentre For Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, IndiaStéphane BilodeauRicardo BitránBitran y Asociados, Santiago, ChilePhilomena M. BluyssenDelft University of Technology, Delft, The NetherlandsA BosmanTransmissible, Houten, The NetherlandsFernando A. BozzaOswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMelanie M. BrinkmannInstitute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyAndrew BrownManagement Sciences for Health, Medford, MA, USAB. MelladoUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaElizabeth A. BukusiKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaChris BullenFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandGiorgio BuonannoUniversity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, ItalyRochelle A. BurgessUniversity College London (UCL), London, UKMatthew ButlerKing’s College London, London, UKPauline Byakika‐KibwikaDepartment of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, UgandaBáltica CabiesesUniversidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, ChileGunilla CarlssonThe Global Fund, Geneva, SwitzerlandFidelia CasciniCatholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, ItalyChishala ChabalaUniversity of Zambia, Lusaka, ZambiaM. ChakrounFattouma Bourguiba Teaching Hospital, Monastir, TunisiaKar Keung ChengInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKAgnes ChettyMinistry of Health Seychelles, Victoria, SeychellesDmytro ChumachenkoNational Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Kharkiv, UkraineGregg ConsalvesYale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USAAndrew Conway MorrisUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKAhmed CordieCairo University Hospitals, Cairo, EgyptTumani CorrahAfrica Research Excellence Fund (AREF), London, UKBrenda Crabtree‐RamírezInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
ABI
Abstract
Abstract Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches 1 , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach 2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities 3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.
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