REFORMIST VIEWS OF AHMAD DONISH IN THE RENEWAL OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA (XIX AND EARLY XX CENTURIES)
Abstract
In the conditions of the dominance of religious dogmas, the sheer illiteracy of the population, the thinkers of the Muslim East were forced to resort to certain traditional forms of expressing their ideas. Socio-philosophical views were expressed in the pages of historical treatises, as well as in various essays, essays of a fictional, sociological nature, and poetry. The creativity of A. Donish was no exception here. However, in works that are semi-artistic in form, the thinker poses and tries to solve philosophical questions, in his own way criticizes religious dogmas. So, he asks the question: “If God, creating a person, predetermined the fate of a builder for him in advance, why did he not immediately, from birth, endow the person with the ability to build? Why is it necessary, while fulfilling the predestination of God, to study any other professions?