Evaluating the DICE method to improve early recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in early Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
Abstract Background While neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), they are currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in the memory clinic. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Describe, Investigate, Create, Evaluate (DICE™) approach to structure and standardize the care for NPS in AD in the memory clinic. Method A total of 60 community‐dwelling patients with MCI, AD dementia, or AD/VaD dementia were enrolled with their caregivers in two waves (Table‐1). The first wave (n = 36) received care as usual and served as a control group, while the second wave of patients (n = 24, of which n = 20 have currently completed the study) underwent the DICE method. We applied the DICE method during two visits in which NPS were assessed, underlying causes were examined, and patients and caregivers were instructed on management strategies to deal with NPS, which were evaluated after one month. Outcomes were assessed after three and six months. Primary outcomes were quality of life of patients (QoL‐AD) and caregivers (Carerqol‐7D). Secondary outcomes included caregiver burden (Perseverance time), NPS prevalence and severity (NPI‐Q & BEHAVE‐AD), NPS‐related distress (NPI‐Q), competence managing NPS (additional NPI‐Q item), and psychotropic drug use. We used linear mixed models to examine differences in outcomes at group‐level and reliable change index to examine which participants in the intervention group showed reliable improvement in the primary outcomes. Result We found no significant differences between the two groups in change in quality of life or any of the secondary outcomes (all p >0.05, Table‐2). A proportion of the intervention group showed reliable improvement in quality of life of patients (n = 6/20) and caregivers (n = 7/20). At baseline, these patients tended to show higher NPS burden and their caregivers reported more NPS‐related distress and lower feelings of competence while managing NPS compared to participants that did no show reliable improvement. Conclusion This Stage 2 efficacy study shows no benefits of the DICE method on in early AD at group‐level, but suggest that particular participants might benefit from this approach. Data will be re‐analyzed when all intervention group participants have completed the study and will be extended with qualitative data investigating NPS‐related knowledge and management styles of participants.