CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF CLIMATE CHANGE OF THE PLANET AND ECOLOGY, IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVISION OF CARBON-FREE EMISSION OF EXHAUST ON VEHICLES
Abstract
Abstract: The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 10, 2020 No. PP4779 “On additional measures to improve the energy efficiency of the economy and reduce the dependence of sectors of the economy on fuel and energy products by attracting available resources” approved a roadmap “to improve energy efficiency and save fuel and energy resources at large energy-intensive enterprises of branches of the economy”. Paragraph 15 of this roadmap sets the task to “develop a long-term National Strategy for the Development of Hydrogen Energy” [1, 2].\n\nIn the world, the more cars are produced, the greater the interest in alternative fuels to gasoline, the combustion of which emits less harmful substances. In many countries, biofuels made from vegetable raw materials are becoming increasingly popular. In six states of the European Union, as well as in the USA, Canada, Brazil, Malaysia, such biofuel is produced on an industrial scale, but still its share in the fuel balance does not exceed 0.3% [3].\n\nUntil now, petroleum-derived fuel in the internal combustion engine remains the main type of fuel. In this regard, the only way to solve the energy problem of road transport is the creation of alternative fuels. The new fuel must satisfy many requirements: to have the necessary raw materials, low cost, not to impair engine performance, to emit harmful substances as little as possible, to be combined, if possible, with the existing fuel supply system, etc.\n\nOil today is the main and most demanded energy resource. However, its reserves are running out catastrophically, and it is already clear that the end of the oil era is coming.\n\nIt is already absolutely clear that the 21st century will be the end of the oil era. A decrease in the rate of oil production in a number of countries, including Russia, and a decrease in its profitability are already being observed today. All this is the root cause of the increase in the cost of petroleum products and, as a result, imposes certain restrictions on the development of the economies of individual countries and the world economy as a whole. This circumstance, taking into account the fact that 80% of the mechanical energy that a person uses in his activities, is generated by internal combustion engines, makes us seriously think about an alternative energy source, not of oil origin.\n\nRecently, a large number of foreign research centers of engine-building firms have been conducting research aimed at saving fuel and replacing traditional liquid hydrocarbon fuels with new types.