GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A: The Standard Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyperluminous Gamma-Ray Burst—In Gedenken an David Alexander Kann
Д. А. КаннHessian Research Cluster ELEMENTS, Giersch Science Center, Max-von-Laue-Straße 12, Goethe University Frankfurt, Campus Riedberg, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected]S. AgayevaN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, AZ 5626, Shamakhy, AzerbaijanV. AivazyanE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Adigeni, GeorgiaS. AlishovN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, AZ 5626, Shamakhy, AzerbaijanCristina AndradeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAS. AntierArtemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, F-06304 Nice, FranceA. BaranskyAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, Kyiv, 04053, UkrainePhilippe BendjoyaUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7293 Laboratoire Lagrange, F 06108 Nice, FranceZ. BenkhaldounOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390 Marrakesh, MoroccoS. BeradzeE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Adigeni, GeorgiaD. BerezinICAMER Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Acad. Zabolotnoho Str., 03143 Kyiv, UkraineM. BoërArtemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, F-06304 Nice, FranceE. BroensVereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, Balen-Neetlaan 18A, B-2400, Mol, BelgiumS. BrunierUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7293 Laboratoire Lagrange, F 06108 Nice, FranceMattia BullaDepartment of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, ItalyО. БурхоновUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy Str. 33, Tashkent 100052, UzbekistanEric BurnsDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USAY. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]Y. P. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]M. ContiM. W. CoughlinSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAWei CuiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]F. DaigneSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, FranceB. DelaveauInstitut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées IPSA, 63 bis Boulevard de Brandebourg, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, FranceHadrien A. R. DevillepoixSpace Science & Technology Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaTim DietrichInstitute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam, GermanyDamien DornicCPPM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceF. DuboisAstroLAB IRIS, Provinciaal Domein “De Palingbeek”, Verbrandemolenstraat 5, B-8902 Zillebeke, Ieper, BelgiumJ.-G. DucoinSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, FranceÉric DurandInstitut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées IPSA, 63 bis Boulevard de Brandebourg, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, FrancePierre-Alexandre DuverneUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, FranceH.-B. EggensteinVolkssternwarte Paderborn, Im Schlosspark 13, D-33104 Paderborn, GermanySh. A. EhgamberdievNational University of Uzbekistan, 4 University Str., Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanAhmed M. FouadNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptM FreebergKNC, AAVSO, Hidden Valley Observatory (HVO), Colfax, WI, USA; iTelescope, New Mexico Skies Observatory, Mayhill, NM, USAD. FroebrichSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UKM. Y. GeKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]S. GervasoniArtemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, F-06304 Nice, FranceV. GodunovaICAMER Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Acad. Zabolotnoho Str., 03143 Kyiv, UkraineP. GokuldassDepartment of Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USAE. A. GurbanovShamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named after Nasraddin TusiD. W. HanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]Elgun K. HasanovN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, AZ 5626, Shamakhy, AzerbaijanP. HelloIJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceThomas Hussenot-DesenongesIJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceR. InasaridzeE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Adigeni, GeorgiaAbdusamatjan IskandarXinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of ChinaН. З. ИсмаиловN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Y. Mammadaliyev, AZ 5626, Shamakhy, AzerbaijanA. JanatiOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390 Marrakesh, MoroccoTheophile Jegou du LazIJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceS. M. JiaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]С. КарповCEICO, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, CZ-182 21, Praha, Czech RepublicAziz Ettahar KaeouachOukaimeden Observatory, Cadi Ayyad University, High Atlas Observatory, MoroccoW. KiendrébéogoArtemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, F-06304 Nice, FranceA. KlotzIRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, FranceR. KneipK26 / Contern Observatory (private obs.), 1, beim Schmilberbour, 5316 Contern, LuxembourgN. KochiashviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Adigeni, GeorgiaNina KunertInstitute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam, GermanyA. LekicInstitut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées IPSA, 63 bis Boulevard de Brandebourg, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, FranceS. LeoniniCheng-Kui LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]Wenfei LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]Xiangyang LIKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]J. Y. LiaoKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]Ludwig LogieAstroLAB IRIS, Provinciaal Domein “De Palingbeek”, Verbrandemolenstraat 5, B-8902 Zillebeke, Ieper, BelgiumF. J. LuKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]J. MaoCenter for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaD. MarchaisRoger MénardDavid C. MorrisUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands 00802, USAR. NatsvlishviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Adigeni, GeorgiaVsevolod NedoraMax Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, GermanyK. NoonanUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands 00802, USAK. NoysenaNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), 260, Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, ThailandN. Brice OrangeP. T. H. PangInstitute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The NetherlandsHui-Sheng PengPhysics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaClément PellouinSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, FranceJ. PelotonIJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, FranceT. PradierUniversité de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, FranceO. PyshnaAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, Kyiv, 04053, UkraineY RajabovUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy Str. 33, Tashkent 100052, UzbekistanSteve RauAstroLAB IRIS, Provinciaal Domein “De Palingbeek”, Verbrandemolenstraat 5, B-8902 Zillebeke, Ieper, BelgiumC. RinnerOukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390 Marrakesh, MoroccoJean‐Pierre RivetUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7293 Laboratoire Lagrange, F 06108 Nice, FranceF. D. RomanovAAVSO Observer; Pobedy Street, House 7, Flat 60, Yuzhno-Morskoy, Nakhodka, Primorsky Krai 692954, RussiaP. RosiV. RupchandaniAmerican University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAEM. SerrauSociété Astronomique de France, Observatoire de Dauban, F-04150 Banon, FranceAzza ShokryNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptA. SimonAstronomy and Space Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkova Ave., 4, Kyiv, 03022, UkraineK. SmithUniversity of the Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands 00802, USAO SokoliukAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, Kyiv, 04053, UkraineM. A. SolimanDepartment of Astronomy and Meteorology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptL. M. SongKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China [email protected]A. TakeyNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 1 El-marsad St., 11421 Helwan, Cairo, EgyptYusufjon TillayevNational University of Uzbekistan, 4 University Str., Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanL. M. Tinjaca RamirezI. Tosta e MeloINFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, ItalyD. TurpinUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
ABI
Abstract
Abstract Object GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 yr of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration and the Insight Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE data sets augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically using a Bayesian approach, and we find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky Way dust column and moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT data set, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multiwavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the augmented data set. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find that the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution.
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