On the Use of Passports and Passes by Central Asian Pilgrims in the Russian Empire (18<sup>th</sup> – 19<sup>th</sup> Centuries)
Abstract
This article analyzes from a scientifi c point of view information about the history of passes and passports that gave the right to Central Asian pilgrims who went on a hajj through the territory of the Russian Em pire. For this purpose, the author introduced into scientifi c circulation in formation from historical documents of the 18 th –19 th centuries stored in the foreign policy archive of the Russian Empire, the state archive of the Orenburg region (Russian Federation), and also in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. The study of this issue is intended to help in the study of dip lomatic, trade and economic relations between the Central Asian khanates and the Russian Empire and the problems of tolerance between peoples, as well as the development of scientifi c conclusions regarding the policy of the Russian Empire towards Islam in the 18 th –19 th centuries.