Effect of sugar substitutes on carbohydrate metabolism and their possible role in the development of type 2 diabetes
Abstract
Aim. The effect of fructose, a natural sugar substitute, on the amount of glucose and insulin in the blood ofrats was studied under experimental conditions.Material and method. 25 white male experimental rats weighing 160–180 g were selected. Syntheticfructose dissolved in distilled water in the amount of 600 mg/kg was administered orally to experimentalrats. The research was conducted using biochemical, immunoassay and statistical methods. The amountsof glucose, insulin, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-directlipoprotein (HDL), low direct lipoprotein (LDL), Na, Ca, K elements were determined from the blood serum of experimental animals.Results. On the 15th day of the experiment, the amount of glucose in the blood serum of the animalsincreased by 29,3% compared to the control indicator, and on the 30th day by 59,5%. At day 30, theseincreases were statistically significant (p>0,05). The amount of insulin increased by 88,5% (p>0,001) fromthe control indicator on the 15th day of the experiment, and by 68,9% (p>0,001) on the 30th day. Whenthe body weight of the animals was checked, it was found that it increased by 10,9% on the 15th day, and24,4% on the 30th day compared to the control group. Increased body weight, significant increase in glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride and low-direct lipoproteins led to the development of hyperglycemiaand obesity.Conclusion. Fructose, a sugar substitute, plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Also, fructose affects the metabolism of fats in the body and can be one of the main reasons for the development ofobesity.