The La Silla Schmidt Southern Survey
Adam A. MillerCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USANatasha S. AbramsDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAG. AlderingLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAShreya AnandDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAC. R. AngusAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKIair ArcaviSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelC. BaltayDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University, P. O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USAF. E. BauerInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, ChileDaniel BrethauerDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAJ. S. BloomDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAHemanth BommireddyDepartment of Astronomy, Universidad de Chile, Camino el Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileM. CatelanCentro de Astro-Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileR. ChornockDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAP. ClarkSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKThomas E. CollettInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKG. DimitriadisDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKS. M. FarisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelF. FörsterCenter for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8320000, ChileA. FranckowiakRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyC. FrohmaierSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKL. GalbanyInstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), SpainR. B. Galleguillos SilvaFaculty of Engineering, Finis Terrae University, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Ave, Providencia, RM, ChileA. GoobarOskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenOr GraurDepartment of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USAC. P. GutiérrezInstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), SpainSaarah HallCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAErica HammersteinDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAK. HernerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USAI. HookDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKMacy HustonDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAJ. JohanssonOskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenC. D. KilpatrickCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAAlex KimLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAR. A. KnopLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAM. KowalskiDeutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyLindsey A. KwokCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USANatalie LeBaronDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAKenneth W. LinDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAChang LiuCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAJessica R. LuDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAWenbin LuDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAR. LunnanOskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, SwedenK. MaguireSchool of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, IrelandL. MakrygianniDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKR. MarguttiDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USADan MaozSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelPatrik Milán VeresRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyT. MooreAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKA. J. NayanaDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAM. NichollAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKJ. NordinInstitut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, GermanyS. R. OatesDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKG. PignataInstituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, ChileAbigail PolinPurdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 4790720, USAD. PoznanskiCahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAJ. L. PrietoInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Avenida Ejercito Libertador 441, Santiago, ChileD. RabinowitzDepartment of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USANabeel RehemtullaCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAM. RigaultUniversite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, FranceDan RyczanowskiInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKNikhil SarinNordita, Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns v ag 12, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenS. SchulzeCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAVed G. ShahCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USAXinyue ShengAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKSamuel P. R. ShillingDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKBrooke SimmonsDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKAvinash SinghHiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanG. P. SmithDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, AustriaM. SmithDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UKJ. SollermanOskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, SwedenMaayane T. SoumagnacDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, IsraelC. W. StubbsDepartment of Astronomy, Harvard University, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USAM. SullivanSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKAswin SureshCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USABenny TrakhtenbrotSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelCharlotte WardDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAEli WistonDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAHelen XiongDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University, P. O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USAYuhan YaoDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAP. NugentDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
ABI
Abstract
Abstract We present the La Silla Schmidt Southern Survey (LS4), a new wide-field, time-domain survey to be conducted with the 1 m ESO Schmidt telescope. The 268 megapixel LS4 camera mosaics 32 2k × 4k fully depleted CCDs, providing a ∼20 deg 2 field of view with 1 ″ pixel −1 resolution. The LS4 camera will have excellent performance at longer wavelengths: in a standard 45 s exposure the expected 5 σ limiting magnitudes in g , i , z are ∼21.5, ∼20.9, and ∼20.3 mag (AB), respectively. The telescope design requires a novel filter holder that fixes different bandpasses over each quadrant of the detector. Two quadrants will have i band, while the other two will be g and z band with color information obtained by dithering targets across the different quadrants. The majority (90%) of the observing time will be used to conduct a public survey that monitors the extragalactic sky at both moderate (3 days) and high (1 day) cadence, as well as focused observations within the Galactic plane and bulge. Alerts from the public survey will be broadcast to the community via established alert brokers. LS4 will run concurrently with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The combination of LS4+LSST will enable detailed holistic monitoring of many nearby transients: high-cadence LS4 observations will resolve the initial rise and peak of the light curve while less-frequent but deeper observations by LSST will characterize the years before and after explosion. Here, we summarize the primary science objectives of LS4 including microlensing events in the Galaxy, extragalactic transients powered by massive black holes or stellar explosions, the search for electromagnetic counterparts to multi-messenger events, and supernova cosmology.
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