Dual‐Mode Hybrid Discharge Plasma‐Activated Injectable Hydrosol for Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Cancer Therapy
Abstract
Abstract Although cold atmospheric plasma is a promising therapeutic technique for tumor immunotherapy via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), the challenges associated with the generation and delivery of these RONS hamper clinical adoption. Herein, a dual‐mode hybrid discharge plasma‐activated sodium alginate hydrosols (PAH SA ) is proposed to enhance the antitumor immune response. Gaseous highly reactive RONS are generated by dual‐mode hybrid plasma produced by mixed O 3 and NO x modes, which are converted into aqueous RONS in PAH SA via gas‐liquid reactions between plasma and hydrosols. In vitro results indicate that compared with O 3 ‐PAH SA and NO x ‐PAH SA , Hybrid‐PAH SA produces greater immunogenic cell death in cancer cells via the release of RONS. It also mediates the polarization of M2‐like macrophages to M1‐like macrophages to improve antitumor effects. In vivo studies confirm that Hybrid‐PAH SA inhibits B16F10 melanoma growth and produces stronger T‐cell‐mediated antitumor immune responses. Thus, Hybrid‐PAH SA offers a promising strategy for enhanced plasma‐induced cancer immunotherapy.