Article

Optimizing the performance of stefan blowing and nanomaterial’s for ternary hybrid nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes and convective boundary conditions

Munawar AbbasCenter for Turbulence Control, School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, ChinaMostafa Mohamed OkashaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaAli AkgülApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JordanAnsar AbbasDepartment of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dear Ismail Khan 29111, PakistanDilsora AbduvalievaDepartment of Mathematics and Information Technologies, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Bunyodkor avenue, 27, Tashkent 100070, UzbekistanQasem M. Al‐MdallalDepartment of Mathematical Sciences P.O. Box 17551, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAEHakim AL GarallehDepartment of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi ArabiaZuhair JastaneyahDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Thermofluidsjournal2025en

ABI

Abstract

The effects of Stefan blowing on the Marangoni convective flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid on a rotating disk with gyrotactic microbes and a non-uniform heat source are examined in this work using numerical modelling. Examined are the mass and heat phenomena in relation to Stefan blowing impacts. We modify the energy equations and momentum to adjust for the effects of Darcy-Forchheimer flow. The ternary hybrid nanofluid having aluminum oxide ( A l 2 O 3 ) , titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ) , and Cobalt iron oxide ( COF e 2 O 4 ) , based fluid water and nanoparticles is used. It is especially helpful for cooling technologies, bio-microsystems, and biomedical equipment where improved heat transfer and microbial control are essential. The ternary hybrid nanofluid guarantees better thermal conductivity, while the incorporation of gyrotactic microorganisms facilitates bioconvection, enhancing fluid mixing and stability. The model is also applicable to industrial operations that require precise control across heat and mass transmission, such as coating, drying, and material synthesis. The subsequent equations are mathematically resolved using the Bvp4c. It has also been found that increasing the Stefan blowing parameter outcomes in a reduce in the thermal profile and heat transmission rate while increasing the skin friction and velocity profile.

Topics

Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Heat Transfer Mechanisms Heat transfer and supercritical fluids

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101375

Citations and references

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