Digital Technologies for Thermoregulation of Axle Boxes in Wireless Monitoring Systems
Abstract
This paper presents an intelligent wireless system for real-time thermoregulation of axle boxes in railway rolling stock, addressing one of the most critical challenges in railway safety—overheating of axle assemblies. The proposed solution integrates non-contact infrared temperature sensing, adaptive threshold algorithms, and resilient data transmission using WiFi, LoRa, and GSM technologies. The system is designed to function reliably under harsh operational conditions, ensuring continuous diagnostics and rapid identification of anomalies. A comprehensive simulation study in MATLAB evaluates the thermal behavior of axle boxes and the robustness of wireless communication channels under interference and environmental constraints. The results demonstrate the system's ability to maintain high accuracy, minimize false alarms, and provide predictive maintenance insights. By combining digital sensing, real-time processing, and multi-channel communication, the proposed platform contributes to improved operational reliability, enhanced safety, and reduced maintenance costs in modern railway transport infrastructure.