Energy-Efficient Windows for Passive Buildings
Abstract
We presented scientific, methodological, and engineering approaches to the application of energy-active window units in the construction of passive houses, taking into account the climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan’s regions, which significantly enhance the energy efficiency of buildings. We examined international regulations governing the use of passive strategies and based on these, proposed boundary conditions for the parameters and indicators of energy-active window units to ensure their compliance with current standards. A critical analysis of the designs of energy-active window units was conducted, with a proposed classification based on functional purpose, frame material, construction type, tranclucent-filler type, number and arrangement of sealing contours, as well as sash design solutions and operational characteristics. We also evaluated the maximum and minimum outdoor temperatures by month for the period from 2000 to 2023 and developed temperature distribution maps across the regions of the republic. These maps serve as a basis for analyzing seasonal fluctuations and for developing window systems that provide effective insulation and reduce heat loss during cold periods. In light of the increasing number of days with extremely high temperatures, an analysis of data on the average number of hours with temperatures above 35°C was conducted. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the temperature conditions affecting the thermal load on buildings in the republic and serves as a foundation for developing effective energy-saving solutions. A new design of energy-active window units with a triple-glazed transparent enclosure and a heat transfer coefficient reduced to 0.5 W/(m2 K) is proposed, which improves thermal efficiency by 30–50%, utilizing an air layer and L-shaped brackets to simplify operation and enhance insulation properties and efficiency in various climatic conditions.