Features of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints in comorbid pathology (literature review)
Abstract
About 600 thousand new cases with an established diagnosis of osteoarthritis are registered annually in Russia. The total number of patients can reach about 15 million. At the same time, there is a tendency for the incidence to increase from 32.2 to 35.7 cases per thousand population. Literature data was searched in the open electronic databases of scientific literature PubMed and Library. The search was carried out by keywords and phrases. Over the past 20 years, there has been an impressive increase in the number of patients with this disease – by 260 %. When examining the age structure, it should be noted that there are quite significant differences in morbidity rates. Currently, when talking about osteoarthritis, close attention is paid to the multifactorial nature of the disease. Undoubtedly, mechanical action plays a crucial role in triggering the pathological process. On the other hand, the metabolic syndrome should be considered equally important in the development of the disease, its presence can potentiate the risk of developing osteoarthritis by more than two times. Thus, the prevalence of osteoarthritis and the steady increase in morbidity, as well as the aggravation of its course in the presence of concomitant diseases, lead to the need for a special approach to patients with comorbid conditions and their further study.