RESEARCH OF THE LINGUISTIC NATURE OF PHONEMES AND MORPHEMES IN THE MOTHER LANGUAGE
Abstract
This article is devoted to a deep scientific analysis of the linguistic nature of phonemes and morphemes in the mother tongue, studying their structural-functional properties, semantic integration, psycholinguistic realization and place in the cognitive language model. The phoneme is characterized by the function of differentiating meaning as an abstract invariant form of speech sounds, while the morpheme, as a unit that carries grammatical and lexical semantics, operates at a higher level of the language system. The study analyzes the systemic relationship, paradigmatic variability, and synchronic and diachronic aspects of the phoneme and morpheme. The article is based on the principles of structural-semantic analysis, functional-phonological approach and cognitive linguistics.