Awareness of the Harm of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) Among Youth Using NPS in Tashkent (Uzbekistan)
Abstract
The rise of NPS use among young people in Uzbekistan is driven by online availability and low awareness on negative effects of NPS use. There is not enough scientific studies and psychosocial support targeting NPS users in the country. This study looks to address these gaps by conducting psychosocial research on NPS use in Uzbekistan. This study is qualitative in its methodological approach. Interpretive and phenomenological approaches were employed to evaluate the material collected through interviews (33 questions) with current and former NPS users. Interviews with NPS users were recorded using a voice recorder, transcribed, coded and analyzed using MaxQDA software. The aim of the study is to identify the awareness of the harm and risks associated with NPS use among the youth of Uzbekistan. A total of 27 qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with NPS users aged 18 to 36. Preferences for NPS were predominantly for mephedrone (14), alpha-PVP (12), and one user preferred pregabalin. Out of 27 respondents, 23 (85%) reported experiencing dependence on NPS. 25 (93%) out of 27, had attempted to reduce consumption several or many times. All participants noted a shift from a positive mood to a negative one as the effects of the substances wore off. All respondents were aware of the harm associated with use (to health, mental state, and social and economic environment), but continued to use NPS. Some started using NPS due to its lower price, online availability and a perceived lower risk compared to traditional drugs. The findings highlight the prevalence of dependence on new psychoactive substances (NPS) among users, with a significant majority (85%) experiencing addiction. Despite efforts to reduce consumption, the majority of participants struggled to do so. Users consistently reported a shift from positive to negative moods as the effects of the substances diminished, indicating potential emotional and psychological consequences. Furthermore, while all respondents were aware of the health, mental, and social risks associated with NPS use, they continued consumption, suggesting the powerful grip of dependence and possible barriers to effective intervention or harm reduction.