Changes in Atmospheric Transparency and its Effect on Transmission Range in Optical Communication Channels
Abstract
The paper examines the climatic changes that have occurred in the Ferghana region of Uzbekistan (the cities of Ferghana, Andijan and Namangan), based on meteorological observations collected at airport weather stations over two time intervals: 1984-1986 and 2021-2024. The meteorological data were transformed into integral functions of the distribution of the meteorological range of visibility (IFD-MRV), which allowed for a comparative analysis of the dynamics of atmospheric transparency. Special attention is paid to changing the optical characteristics of the atmosphere, which are critically important in the design, calculation, reliability, and operation of atmospheric optical communication channels (Free-Space Optics, FSO). The revealed trends towards improved visibility in various ranges indicate possible changes in the aerosol and gas composition of the region’s atmosphere. The results obtained can be used to improve the accuracy of climate modeling, as well as to optimize the parameters of optical systems and communication networks, especially in conditions of varying atmospheric influences.