Integrated Photonic Biosensors for Real-Time Soil Nutrient and Crop Health Analysis
Abstract
In sustainable agriculture, agricultural systems using sensing mechanisms to provide high frequency in-situ data on soil and plant nutrients and condition are becoming a necessity. In this article, we would present the universal photonic biosensing system that is designed based on silicon nitride (SiN) ring resonators and MachZehnder interferometers (MZI) together with microfluidics, low-powered edge computing, and cloud analytics. The system will attempt to determine the level of nitrate, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) ions and proxies of crop stress in quicker measurements to allow closing the loop of irrigation and bringing together of the fertilization procedure. With experience of the optical spectroscopy, thermal and electro-optical remote sensing and field-scale estimation of soil moisture, our scheme possesses a lower latency than couple of pure remote, and better limit-of-detection (LOD) than couple of pure remote methodological tools. We outline device physics, models including calibration and an edge to cloud data pipeline. Field-informed case study indicates sub-10ms edge case-inference latency and sub- SI 0.5 mg/L nitrate LOD with a good R2 calibration. We address the complementary ideas with UAV/aerial surveillance, AI-oriented disease diagnosis, and intelligent-ag models.