ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract
The article analyzes the dynamics of diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence in Uzbekistan during 2020–2023. The total number of cases increased by 27%. Annual growth rates declined each year. By 2023 they had approached stagnation. The study revealed strong regional disparities. Some areas showed abnormally high rates. Others showed very low rates. The age structure remained stable. Adults accounted for 97–99% of cases. DM in Uzbekistan is mainly an adult disease. The gender distribution changed sharply. In 2020 men prevailed (54%). In 2021–2023 women dominated (55–57%). This shift is likely linked to systemic non-biological factors. The results indicate the need to develop regionally adapted strategies to combat the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global problem for health systems worldwide [2]. As reported by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of people living with diabetes continues to rise steadily [3]. For society, it is a heavy economic burden that leads to serious complications, disability and premature mortality. The Republic of Uzbekistan is not an exception to the global trend. However, the development of effective national strategies to combat the disease requires a deep understanding of its local specifics. The close relationship of type 2 DM with obesity and obesity turns the two pathologies into a pandemic of metabolic disorders [6]. According to the World Obesity Federation, the global prevalence of obesity is projected to exceed 18% in men and 21% in women by 2030 [5]. Every year, at least 2.8 million people in the world die prematurely as a result of overweight or obesity [8]. In these conditions, against the background of global factors - urbanization and lifestyle changes, the analysis of fresh epidemiological data, capable of revealing hidden trends, regional disparities, demographic shifts, is of relevance. Such monitoring is a key tool for planning, assessing the effectiveness of public health measures.