Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures
Abstract
One major problem affecting the resilience and security of infrastructure is the rusting of steel reinforcement in concrete structures. The primary cause of steel corrosion in concrete is the disintegration of the passive oxide layer, which is often preserved by the high alkalinity of concrete. Several critical factors are involved in the initiation and acceleration of corrosion processes, including moisture content, carbonation, and the entrance of chloride ions. An extensive review of the mechanics, causes, and effects of steel corrosion in concrete matrices is presented in this chapter. Additionally, it delves into the electrochemical principles that control the corrosion of steel, such as the creation of anodic and cathodic sites and the function of corrosion cells. It also focuses on how the environment including exposure to sea environments, de-icing salts, and industrial pollutants affects the rate of corrosion and the general deterioration of concrete structures. Additionally, the chapter examines several repair and mitigation measures, including the use of surface coatings and corrosion inhibitors. This chapter attempts to provide engineers, researchers, and industry experts with the knowledge required to address and manage corrosion-related difficulties in concrete infrastructure by offering a thorough explanation of corrosion phenomena and preventive strategies.