Cataract: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, AND Modern Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the etiology, molecular pathogenesis, and clinical features of Cataract, a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. It discusses oxidative stress, protein denaturation, and metabolic imbalance as the main mechanisms underlying lens opacification. The study includes clinical data from ophthalmology centers in Uzbekistan, where 250 patients with Cataracts were observed between 2020 and 2024. Comparative analysis of phacoemulsification and extracapsular extraction revealed the superiority of phacoemulsification in terms of postoperative visual acuity and recovery time. The article also reviews intraocular lens (IOL) implantation criteria and modern postoperative management strategies. The prospects of antioxidant and genetic therapies are discussed as emerging directions in Cataract treatment.