SEDATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Abstract
Resume. The use of sedatives in pediatric dentistry is a significant concern in contemporary dental practice. Recent papers extensively examine the use of several sedative techniques to alleviate anxiety and tension in children undergoing dental treatments. This page provides contemporary data on various sedation procedures, along with the processes by which they affect patients' psycho-emotional states and the efficacy of dental treatment. Objective of the research. This review consolidates findings from recent local and international research about different sedative treatment modalities in pediatric dentistry, assessing their efficacy and safety. Materials and Methods. The research conducted an examination of both local and foreign literature about the use of sedation in pediatric dentistry. The primary data sources were the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. The literature review included the years 2000 to 2023. Articles without peer review, publications with inadequate evidence, and studies replicating data from other included research were eliminated. Findings and discourse. The review revealed that inhalation sedation with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide is the most often used and well researched technique, offering rapid and manageable relaxation with minimum adverse effects. Oral sedation with midazolam shown significant efficacy in alleviating anxiety and enhancing children's compliance, although requires meticulous dosage regulation. Intravenous sedation with propofol provides profound sedation for intricate operations, however requires the presence of competent medical professionals to address any problems. Dexmedetomidine shown efficacy in alleviating anxiety and discomfort without causing substantial respiratory depression; nonetheless, it necessitates proficient administration. All sedation techniques shown a high degree of satisfaction among both parents and patients, especially inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Conclusions. Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane is the favored approach for children experiencing mild anxiety, owing to its safety and efficacy. Dexmedetomidine sedation, oral sedation with midazolam, and intravenous sedation with propofol had positive results but need more rigorous monitoring. Additional study is required to enhance sedation procedures and elevate patient and parental satisfaction. Keywords: pediatric dentistry, sedative therapy, inhalation sedation, oral sedation, intravenous sedation, nitrous oxide, safety, efficacy.