The Harmony of the Stars and the Nile: The History of the Egyptian Calendar
Inobat AhmadjonovaNational University of Uzbekistan Faculty of History Department of History and Area Studies 2nd-year student
Open MINDrepository2026
ABI
Abstract
In Ancient Egypt, the calendar system was closely connected with astronomical observations and the annual flooding of the Nile. The heliacal rising of Sirius marked the beginning of the Nile’s inundation and the new year. The Egyptian civil calendar consisted of 365 days, demonstrating one of the earliest developments in solar timekeeping. This system played a crucial role in agriculture, religious rituals, and state administration. The article explores the historical formation of the Egyptian calendar, its astronomical foundations, and its socio-economic significance.
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