FEEDING BREEDING BULLS WITH PELLETED FEED PRODUCTS UNDER INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK CONDITIONS
Abstract
This article presents scientifically substantiated feeding standards for breeding bulls depending on their live weight, age, body condition score, and intensity of use during the breeding period. The inclusion of pelleted feed products in the ration is analyzed as a modern technological solution aimed at improving nutrient balance, increasing feed utilization efficiency, and enhancing reproductive performance. Requirements for metabolizable energy, digestible protein, calcium, phosphorus, and microelements are described. Ration structures for winter and summer seasons are systematized, and recommendations are given for optimizing the sugar–protein ratio and crude fiber content. The research results demonstrate that the use of balanced pelleted concentrate feeds ensures stable physiological status in breeding bulls, increases sexual activity, and improves semen quality.