Superradiance, Lensing effects and particle motion around regular black holes in emergent gravity
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study of a singularity-free black hole (BH) solution in the framework of Verlinde’s emergent gravity (VEG), motivated by the need to explain dark matter phenomena without invoking exotic matter. Utilizing the Simpson–Visser Minkowski core model with an exponentially decaying baryonic mass profile, we consider a regular metric and analyze its physical consequences. The key VEG parameters-baryonic decay rate [Formula: see text], emergent gravity strength [Formula: see text], and radial exponent [Formula: see text] are shown to significantly influence gravitational lensing, particle dynamics, and wave propagation. Employing the Gauss–Bonnet theorem, we compute light deflection in both vacuum and plasma environments, revealing that [Formula: see text] enhances lensing while [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reduce it. The Jacobi geometry framework is used to study massive particle deflection, and superradiance of scalar fields is examined, with emergent gravity corrections amplifying energy extraction from the BH. We also explore geodesic stability, ISCO, orbital energy, and photon forces, showing how VEG modifies the curvature, motion, and energetic behavior near the BH.