UNITS RELATED TO AUXILIARY WORD GROUPS IN THE EPISTLE "KUTADGʻU BILIG" AND THE WORK "DEVONU LUGʻATI-T-TURK"
Abstract
This article examines the auxiliary parts of speech found in the 11th-century sources “Qutadg‘u bilig” by Yusuf Khos Khojib and “Devonu lug‘ati-t-turk” by Mahmud Kashgari. The study analyzes the functional, semantic, and phonetic features of conjunctions, particles, and postpositions in the Karluk dialect and compares them with their usage in modern Uzbek literary language and regional dialects. Special attention is given to dialectal variations, including Andijan, Kokand, Namangan, and Turk-Kaltatay dialects. The research highlights the historical continuity and transformation of auxiliary units under the influence of Persian and Arabic languages. Statistical and comparative methods are applied to determine the frequency and functional roles of auxiliary words in speech. The findings reveal that despite phonetic changes, many auxiliary elements have preserved their functions over centuries, demonstrating the deep connection between literary language and dialects.