ABORTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Abstract
Resume. This article analyzes, based on current scientific evidence, the short- and long-term effects of induced termination of pregnancy (abortion) on women’s reproductive health. The socio-demographic determinants, epidemiological characteristics, and clinical features of both spontaneous and induced abortion are examined. Particular attention is given to the impact of pharmacological, vacuum aspiration, and instrumental methods of induced abortion on endometrial structure, with special emphasis on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying basal layer injury. Early and late post-abortion complications are described, including chronic endometritis, intrauterine adhesions (Asherman syndrome), ovarian dysfunction, luteal phase deficiency, and the risk of infertility. Neuroendocrine alterations within the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, hormonal imbalance, and the dynamics of ovarian reserve parameters are also discussed. Furthermore, the impact of abortion on subsequent pregnancies is analyzed, particularly in relation to cervical insufficiency, placental pathologies, ectopic pregnancy, and the risk of preterm birth. The importance of a comprehensive post-abortion care system in restoring reproductive function is emphasized. Keywords: abortion, reproductive health, post-abortion complications, chronic endometritis, Asherman syndrome, endometrial receptivity, hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, hormonal imbalance, luteal phase deficiency, ovarian reserve, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), infertility, placental pathology, cervical insufficiency, post-abortion care (PAC).