Immunogenetic Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Postoperative Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Optimization of Their Personalized Prevention
Abstract
This study is devoted to investigating the immunogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of non-infectious postoperative complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to developing approaches for optimizing their personalized prevention. The research examines the role of genetic polymorphisms, characteristics of the immune response, imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as disorders of the hemostatic system in the formation of postoperative complications. Particular attention is paid to conditions such as thrombosis, systemic inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial reperfusion injury. The necessity of implementing molecular genetic screening and assessing the individual immune profile of patients at the preoperative stage to identify high-risk groups is substantiated. The proposed personalized preventive approach, including individualized selection of antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective therapy, is aimed at reducing the incidence of complications, shortening hospital stay, and improving long-term clinical outcomes.