Judicial Oversight of Investigative Measures in The Digital Age: Comparative Approaches and Criminal Procedure Reform in Uzbekistan
Abstract
Judicial oversight of investigative measures is a core safeguard for the protection of human rights in contemporary criminal procedure. The expansion of investigative powers and the increasing reliance on digital evidence have made such oversight particularly important at the pre-trial stage. This article examines the legal nature of judicial oversight of investigative measures and analyzes comparative models of judicial supervision in criminal justice systems. Particular attention is paid to the development of judicial oversight in Uzbekistan and to the need to strengthen procedural safeguards in the digital age. The study combines doctrinal legal analysis, comparative legal methodology, and a review of international scholarship on criminal procedure. The findings suggest that effective mechanisms of judicial oversight enhance procedural fairness, reduce the risk of disproportionate interference with fundamental rights, and reinforce the rule of law.