Agroecological assessment of the efficiency of biofertilizers and humic substances in cultivating <i>Panicum virgatum</i> L. under arid conditions of the Samarkand Region

In this study, analyzed was the effect of microbial biofertilizers and vortex-activated humic substances on the soil–plant system during the cultivation of Panicum virgatum L. under arid conditions of the Samarkand region. Investigated were changes in soil biological activity using indicators of microbial abundance, soil respiration, and key enzyme activities. Revealed was the influence of different treatments on plant physiological status, including chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and root system development. Studied was the formation of aboveground biomass and changes in plant elemental composition depending on the applied biological treatments. Determined was the effect of the treatments on irrigation water use efficiency and overall productivity of the agroecosystem. Established were changes in soil physicochemical parameters, including electrical conductivity and soil reaction, under the influence of biological factors. Formed was an integrated representation of the soil–plant system functioning based on a set of biological, physiological, and agronomic indicators. Proposed was the use of a composite Ecological Stability Index for an integral assessment of the effectiveness of the studied technological approaches.

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