<b>NANO-SUYUQLIKLARNING ISSIQLIK-FIZIK XOSSALARINI MODELLASHTIRISH: VISKOZITET, ISSIQLIK O‘TKAZUVCHANLIK VA KONVEKTIV ISSIQLIK ALMASHUV</b>
Abstract
Enhancing heat transfer efficiency in energy systems is a critical scientific challenge. The relatively low thermal conductivity of conventional heat transfer fluids limits the intensity of heat exchange processes. In this study, classical theoretical models were employed to evaluate the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Specifically, Einstein and Brinkman models were used for viscosity prediction, while Maxwell and Hamilton–Crosser models were applied to estimate thermal conductivity. The analysis revealed that increasing nanoparticle concentration enhances thermal conductivity; however, it also leads to an increase in viscosity, resulting in higher hydraulic resistance. The use of nanofluids improves heat transfer performance, but requires careful optimization of nanoparticle concentration.