MODERN CONCEPTS OF NERVE FIBER REGENERATION IN PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURIES
Abstract
Regeneration of nerve fibers following injuries of the peripheral nervous system is a complex and multi-stage process involving degeneration of damaged structures, activation of Schwann cells, guided axonal growth, and remyelination. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration, including the roles of neurotrophic factors, cytokines, and intercellular interactions. Particular attention is given to Wallerian degeneration, a critical phase that prepares the microenvironment for subsequent nerve repair. Despite the relatively high regenerative capacity of peripheral nerves compared to the central nervous system, functional recovery is often incomplete. Current research focuses on the development of advanced therapeutic strategies, such as stem cell therapy, biomaterials, and growth factor-based approaches. A deeper understanding of regenerative mechanisms is essential for improving clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral nerve injuries.