MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM AND HYPERTHYROIDISM IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are among the most common endocrine disorders associated with thyroid gland dysfunction and are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Effective management of these conditions requires accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment strategies, and long-term follow-up. Subclinical hypothyroidism carries a risk of progression to overt disease over time, while hyperthyroidism, especially in elderly patients, may be complicated by cardiac arrhythmias and decreased bone density. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for hypothyroidism, and its dosage is determined individually based on laboratory parameters. The management of hyperthyroidism depends on the etiology and the patient’s general condition and may include pharmacological therapy, radioactive iodine treatment, or surgical intervention. This article analyzes the importance of a patient-centered approach, individualized therapy, and monitoring in the management of thyroid diseases based on modern scientific sources.