The Content of Correctional and Educational Work in The Family Upbringing of Mentally Retarded Children
Abstract
This article comprehensively covers the correctional and educational content of the process of raising mentally retarded children (with intellectual disabilities) in the family. The study analyzes the decisive role of the family in the development of the child, the level of pedagogical literacy of parents, and the psychological characteristics of the family environment as factors directly affecting the social adaptation and personality formation of mentally retarded children. Also, problems encountered in the upbringing of mentally retarded children - such as parents' incomplete acceptance of the child, incorrect demands and expectations, excessive or insufficient control, and emotional instability - are revealed on the basis of scientific sources. The article analyzes the scientific views of foreign and domestic scientists, and widely covers such aspects as the system of family relationships, the importance of cooperation between parents and children, and the stability of the psychological climate. The main areas of correctional and educational work are considered as the adaptation of the child to social life, the formation of independence skills, the development of speech and communication activities, emotional support, and strengthening positive motivation. In addition, the article develops a system of practical recommendations for parents, among which such methods as encouraging the child, ensuring an individual approach, using imitation and game technologies, and creating a healthy psychological environment in the family occupy an important place. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of correctional and educational work can be increased by establishing cooperation between families and special educational institutions, and actively involving parents in the pedagogical process. This article harmoniously covers the theoretical and practical aspects of raising mentally retarded children in the family, serving as an important scientific and practical resource for educators, defectologists, and parents. Keywords Mentally retarded children, intellectual developmental disabilities, family upbringing, correctional and educational work