Recent Advances in Smartphone-Assisted Paper-Based Biosensors for Detection of Key Chemical Indicators in Spoilage of Meat and Seafood: Rapid and On-Site Analytical Method
Abstract
The analysis of meat and seafood is one of the challenging matters in food safety, and achieving this can be measured by various markers and biomarkers. In addition to common challenges of meat and seafood analysis, the integration of direct microbial indicators into novel sensing assays can limit their application in on-site analysis devices. Chemical indicators in spoiled meat and seafood have attracted considerable attention due to their stability and high versatility for detection by sensors. The integration of paper-based biosensors and smartphones has introduced efficient portable sensing approaches for chemical indicators. These sensing platforms attracted attention as promising analytical tools for rapid and on-site use due to their several advantages. To further meet the increasing requirement of the functionalization of paper and adaptation are highly demanded. Various nanomaterials (NMs) and materials are introduced in the development of paper-based biosensors. Furthermore, the implementation of the smartphone in these sensing approaches has provided an excellent signal reader and data analyzer. This review provides a summary of the recent advances and emerging trends of smartphone-assisted paper-based biosensors for detection of key chemical indicators of meat and seafood. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of these sensing platforms are discussed.