CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT FORMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Abstract
The article analyzes the transformation of traditional forms of economic activity under conditions of intensifying environmental problems, using Uzbekistan and Central Asia as case studies. The main purpose of the study is to determine how farming, livestock breeding, and pasture-based economic systems are adapting under the influence of water scarcity, desertification, soil degradation, climate extremes, and increasing anthropogenic pressure. The article employs historical-comparative, ecological-anthropological, systematic, and source-based approaches. The analysis of scholarly literature shows that traditional forms of economic activity are not disappearing as a result of ecological crisis; rather, they are shifting toward complex hybrid forms under the influence of market relations, state policy, water management institutions, and modern agricultural technologies. In the conclusion, local ecological knowledge is assessed as an important historical and practical resource for contemporary sustainable development strategies.