EUROPEAN VS. ASIAN FACE: KEY ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES AND MODERN TRENDS IN PLASTIC SURGERY
Abstract
The European (Eastern European) and East Asian face differ significantly in the anatomical structure of the skeleton, soft tissues, and skin. These differences determine which surgical procedures and techniques will be both effective and natural. The main mistake in modern plastic surgery is the attempt to impose a universal “ideal” (often Western or Korean). For example, in the West, this ideal includes well-defined cheekbones, a sharp cervicomental angle, and a prominent chin, while in the East, procedures such as blepharoplasty and the creation of a V-shaped facial contour are popular. These standards often ignore ethnic and individual anatomical characteristics. Today, the trend is shifting toward ethnic plastic surgery and facial balancing — a harmonious enhancement that preserves individuality and cultural features.