THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS
Abstract
The commercialization of scientific and technical products has become one of the most important mechanisms for transforming scientific knowledge into economic value in the knowledge-based economy. This article examines the theoretical foundations of scientific and technical product commercialization and explores contemporary global trends in innovation management and technology transfer. The study analyzes the role of universities, research institutions, government agencies, and private enterprises in the commercialization process. Particular attention is devoted to the classification of scientific and technical products, the stages of commercialization, and the institutional conditions necessary for successful technology transfer. The article also examines recent developments in Uzbekistan's innovation ecosystem and evaluates the country's progress in strengthening scientific infrastructure, intellectual property protection, and innovation-driven entrepreneurship. Based on international experience and national priorities, recommendations are proposed for improving the effectiveness of commercialization activities within research institutions.