Teacher and Learner Support
Abstract
Over the past decade, debates on effective teaching have shifted, especially with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) in education. This chapter examines these technologies not as standalone solutions but as resources shaped by institutional, pedagogical, and ethical conditions. It highlights their role in supporting teacher professional development and personalising student learning across diverse contexts. The discussion draws on recent empirical and theoretical scholarship, covering generative AI tools, intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning architectures, immersive VR-based teacher preparation, and AR-enhanced classroom environments. A European perspective frames the analysis, influenced by regulatory frameworks such as the EU AI Act and GDPR, which impose governance obligations not present in many other regions. The chapter concludes that neither optimism nor scepticism is sufficient; instead, a critical, evidence-informed engagement with the practical realities and limitations of these technologies is essential.