AI in Special Education and Inclusive Learning

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping special education by enabling adaptive, personalized, and accessible learning experiences for students with disabilities—addressing long-standing constraints related to resources, specialist availability, and inflexible instructional models. This chapter examines the application of AI technologies, including intelligent tutoring systems, large language models, speech and language technologies, virtual and adaptive learning environments, and assistive communication tools, in supporting diverse learners across educational contexts. Particular focus is given to students with autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, hearing and motor impairments, and ADHD. Grounded in the Universal Design for Learning framework, the chapter argues that AI offers a powerful mechanism for operationalizing inclusive education by enabling learning environments to dynamically adapt to individual needs.

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