The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
Peter de Barros DamgaardCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkRui MartinianoDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UKJack KammWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UKJ. Víctor Moreno-MayarCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkGuus KroonenDepartment of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkMichaël PeyrotLeiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, NetherlandsGojko BarjamovicDepartment of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USASimon RasmussenDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkClaus M. ZachoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkNurbol BaimukhanovShejire DNA project, Abai ave. 150/230, 050046 Almaty, KazakhstanVictor F. ZaibertInstitute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilization, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, KazakhstanVictor MerzS. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies named after A.Kh. Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanArjun BiddandaDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAIlja MerzS. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies named after A.Kh. Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanValeriy LomanSaryarkinsky Institute of Archaeology, Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda. 100074, KazakhstanValeriy EvdokimovSaryarkinsky Institute of Archaeology, Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda. 100074, KazakhstanEmma UsmanovaSaryarkinsky Institute of Archaeology, Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda. 100074, KazakhstanBrian HemphillDepartment of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USAAndaine Seguin‐OrlandoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkFulya Eylem YediayThe Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyInam UllahCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkKarl-Göran SjögrenDepartment of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, SwedenKatrine IversenDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkJérémy ChoinCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkConstanza de la Fuente CastroCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkMelissa IlardoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkHannes SchroederCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkVyacheslav MoiseyevPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, RussiaAndrey GromovPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, RussiaAndrei PolyakovInstitute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RussiaSachihiro OmuraJapanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology, Kaman, Kırşehir, TurkeyS. Yücel ŞenyurtDepartment of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyHabib AhmadCenter of Omic Sciences, Islamia College, Peshawar, PakistanCatriona J. McKenzieDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UKAshot MargaryanCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkAbdul HameedDepartment of Archeology, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, PakistanAbdul SamadDirectorate of Archaeology and Museums Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanNazish GulDepartment of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, PakistanMuhammad Hassan KhokharArchaeological Museum Harappa at Archaeology Department Govt. of Punjab, PakistanOlga I. GoriunovaDepartment of History, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Street 1, Irkutsk 664003, RussiaVladimir I. BazaliiskiiDepartment of History, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Street 1, Irkutsk 664003, RussiaJohn NovembreDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAAndrzej WeberDepartment of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H4, CanadaLudovic OrlandoCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkMorten E. AllentoftCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkRasmus NielsenKristian KristiansenDepartment of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, SwedenMartin SikoraCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkAlan K. OutramDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UKRichard DurbinDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UKEske WillerslevCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
2018en
ABI
Abstract
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
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