Bondi–Hoyle accretion around the non-rotating black hole in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, the numerical investigation of a Bondi–Hoyle accretion around a non-rotating black hole in a novel four dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity is investigated by solving the general relativistic hydrodynamical equations using the high resolution shock capturing scheme. For this purpose, the accreated matter from the wind-accreating X -ray binaries falls towards the black hole from the far upstream side of the domain, supersonically. We study the effects of Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> in 4 D EGB gravity on the accreated matter and shock cones created in the downstream region in detail. The required time having the shock cone in downstream region is getting smaller for $$\alpha > 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> while it is increasing for $$\alpha < 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . It is found that increases in $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> leads violent oscillations inside the shock cone and increases the accretion efficiency. The violent oscillations would cause increase in the energy flux, temperature, and spectrum of X -rays. So the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are naturally produced inside the shock cone when $$-5 \le \alpha \le 0.8$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . It is also confirmed that EGB black hole solution converges to the Schwarzschild one in general relativity when $$\alpha \rightarrow 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Besides, the negative coupling constants also give reasonable physical solutions and increase of $$\alpha $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> in negative directions suppresses the possible oscillation observed in the shock cone.