Article

Bad but Bold: Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Men Predict Gender Inequality in 16 Nations.

Peter GlickDepartment of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54912-0599, USA. [email protected]María Lameiras FernándezDepartment of Psychosocial and Educational Analysis and Intervention, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, SpainSusan T. FiskeDepartment of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USThomas EckesTestDaF Institute, University of Hagen, Hagen, GermanyBarbara MasserSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland Brisbane AustraliaChiara VolpatoDepartment of Psychology, Università di Trieste, Trieste, ItalyAnna Maria ManganelliDepartment of Psychology, Università di Padova, Padova, ItalyJolynn PekDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore;Lili HuangDivision of General Education and Core Curriculum, Tamkang University, Taipei, TaiwanNuray SakallıDepartment of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeyYolanda Rodríguez CastroDepartment of Psychosocial and Educational Analysis and Intervention, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, SpainMaria Luiza D'Avila PereiraDepartment of Child Psychology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, BrazilT.M. WillemsenDepartment of Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, NetherlandsAnnetje BrunnerIris Six-MaternaDepartment of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, GermanyRobin S. WellsDepartment of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, US

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Abstract

A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713

Citations and references

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