Review article

The emerging role of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Rasoul MirzaeiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. [email protected]Sajad BabakhaniDepartment of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranParisa AjorlooRazieh Heidari AhmadiDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSeyed Reza Hosseini‐FardDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHossein KeyvaniDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranYaghoub AhmadyousefiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranAli TeimooriDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranFarhad ZamaniGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSajad KarampoorDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]Rasoul YousefimashoufDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. [email protected]

2021en

ABI

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been the world's driving fatal bacterial contagious disease globally. It continues a public health emergency, and around one-third of the global community has been affected by latent TB infection (LTBI). This is mostly due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating patients with TB and LTBI. Exosomes are nanovesicles (40-100 nm) released from different cell types, containing proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, and they allow the transfer of one's cargo to other cells. The functional and diagnostic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been demonstrated in bacterial infections, including TB. Besides, it has been recognized that cells infected by intracellular pathogens such as Mtb can be secreting an exosome, which is implicated in the infection's fate. Exosomes, therefore, open a unique viewpoint on the investigative process of TB pathogenicity. This study explores the possible function of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker. Moreover, we include the latest data on the pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomal miRNAs in TB.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00296-1

Citations and references

Cited by 60 references

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