Overview of the Fiber System for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Claire PoppettSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Luke TyasLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. AguilarLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAC. BebekLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADavid G. BramallInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKT. ClaybaughLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJerry EdelsteinSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Parker FagreliusNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAH. HeetderksSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Patrick JelinskyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USASharon R. JelinskySpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Robin LafeverLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAndrew LambertLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAM. LamptonSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]M. E. LeviLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. ErezaCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAConstance M. RockosiDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95065, USAJ. SchmollInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKR. M. SharplesCentre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKMartin M. SirkSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Edward WishnowSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected]Jiaxi YuEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandS. AhlenPhysics Dept., Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAA. BaultDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USAS. BenZviDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USADavid BrooksDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKShaun ColeInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKAxel de la MacorraInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MexicoArjun DeyNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAP. DoelDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKE. ChaussidonKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94305, USAAndreu Font-RiberaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKJ. E. Forero-RomeroDepartamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, ColombiaE. GaztañagaInstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainSatya Gontcho A GontchoLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAlma X. González‐MoralesConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582. Colonia Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México D.F. MexicoChang Hoon HahnDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAKlaus HonscheidCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAJorge JiménezInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, SpainS. JuneauNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAD. KirkbyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USAAnthony KreminLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAMartin LandriauLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAL. Le GuillouSorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FR-75005 Paris, FranceMarc ManeraDepartament de Física, Serra Húnter, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainAaron MeisnerNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAR. MiquelInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, SpainJohn MoustakasDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211, USAEva-Maria MuellerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UKA. Muñoz-GutiérrezInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MexicoA. D. MyersDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University, Dept. 3905, Laramie, WY 82071, USAJ. NieNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of ChinaGustavo NizDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato - DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MexicoN. Palanque‐DelabrouilleIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceWill J. PercivalDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaFrancisco PradaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainD. RabinowitzPhysics Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06511, USAMehdi RezaieDepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAGraziano RossiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of KoreaE. SánchezCIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, SpainEdward F. SchlaflySpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADavid J. SchlegelLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAM. SchubnellDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAHee‐Jong SeoDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USADavid SprayberryNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAG. TarléUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAM. Vargas-MagañaInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MexicoBenjamin Alan WeaverNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USARongpu ZhouLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
2024en
ABI
Abstract
Abstract The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a revolutionary instrument designed for precise measurements of cosmic distances and the investigation of dark energy. DESI utilizes 5000 optical fibers to simultaneously measure the spectra of distant objects and aims to measure 40 million galaxies and quasars in a 5 yr survey. One of the critical challenges to DESI’s success was ensuring that the fiber system was not only highly efficient but also delivered a highly stable beam enabling more reliable sky subtraction for measurements of faint objects. We achieved this stability by minimizing the stress on the fiber system during the manufacture and operation of the telescope and fiber positioning robots. We installed the DESI fiber system on the 4 m Mayall telescope with ≥99% of fibers intact, and the instrument has delivered superb optical performance throughout the initial years of the DESI survey, including ≥90% average throughput when injected with a focal ratio of ∼ f /3.9 as delivered by the primary focus corrector, excluding fiber absorption losses. The design of DESI required multiple innovations to achieve these requirements, such as cleaved fibers bonded with a UV-curing epoxy to glass ferrules in the focal plane and fusion splicing instead of physical connectors. In this paper, we describe the development, delivery, and installation of the fiber system, the innovations that made the state-of-the-art performance possible, and the key lessons learned that could benefit future projects.
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Cited by 30 references