Article

Low‐Temperature and Fast‐Charge Sodium Metal Batteries

Dandan YuCollege of Materials and Chemistry China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 ChinaZhenya WangSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 ChinaJiacheng YangSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 ChinaYingyu WangSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 ChinaYuting LiSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 ChinaQiaonan ZhuSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 ChinaXinman TuKey Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 ChinaDezhi ChenKey Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 ChinaJunfei LiangSchool of Energy and Power Engineering North University of China Taiyuan 030051 ChinaUmedjon KhalilovDepartment of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Antwerp 2610 BelgiumHua WangSchool of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

2024en

ABI

Abstract

Abstract Low‐temperature operation of sodium metal batteries (SMBs) at the high rate faces challenges of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), Na dendrite growth, and sluggish Na + transfer kinetics, causing a largely capacity curtailment. Herein, low‐temperature and fast‐charge SMBs are successfully constructed by synergetic design of the electrolyte and electrode. The optimized weak‐solvation dual‐salt electrolyte enables high Na plating/stripping reversibility and the formation of NaF‐rich SEI layer to stabilize sodium metal. Moreover, an integrated copper sulfide electrode is in situ fabricated by directly chemical sulfuration of copper current collector with micro‐sized sulfur particles, which significantly improves the electronic conductivity and Na + diffusion, knocking down the kinetic barriers. Consequently, this SMB achieves the reversible capacity of 202.8 mAh g −1 at −20 °C and 1 C (1 C = 558 mA g −1 ). Even at −40 °C, a high capacity of 230.0 mAh g −1 can still be delivered at 0.2 C. This study is encouraging for further exploration of cryogenic alkali metal batteries, and enriches the electrode material for low‐temperature energy storage.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311810

Citations and references

Cited by 20 references

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