Biosynthesis of Pd/MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite using <scp><i>Solanum melongena</i></scp> plant extract and its application for the one‐pot synthesis of 5‐substituted 1<i>H</i>‐tetrazoles from aryl halides
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, Solanum melongena plant extract was used for the green synthesis of Pd/MnO 2 nanocomposite via reduction osf Pd(II) ions to Pd(0) and their immobilization on the surface of manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) as an effective support. The synthesized nanocomposite were characterized by various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of Pd/MnO 2 nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of 5‐substituted 1 H ‐tetrazoles from aryl halides containing various electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups in the presence of K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] as non‐toxic cyanide source and sodium azide. The products were obtained in good yields via a simple methodology and easy work‐up. The nanocatalyst can be recycled and reused several times with no remarkable loss of activity.