Article

Esterification of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex

Wenguang ZhaoNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaHui DingNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaJie ZhuNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaXianxiang LiuNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaQiong XuNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaDulin YinNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

2020en

ABI

Abstract

In this study, sulfonic acid-functionalized lignin-montmorillonite complex (LMT-SO3H) was prepared and employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) into n-butyl levulinate (BL). An intermediate pseudo-butyl levulinate (p-BL) was determined by distilled water treatment and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and a possible mechanism for the esterification of LA is proposed. The effects of various process parameters were studied and the results showed that the LMT-SO3H catalyst had the excellent catalytic performance for esterification of the LA. Under optimum reaction conditions, the yield of BL was 99.3% and the conversion of LA was 99.8%. The LMT-SO3H catalyst exhibited strong acidic sites and high stability even after seven cycles of usage. Furthermore, esterification of the LA with various alcohols over the LMT-SO3H was further investigated

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.008

Citations and references

Cited by 20 references

Metrics — AkademScholar